Point-of-Use Water Treatment Measures for Low-Income Countries

The surest way to inactivate disease-causing agents in drinking water is to heat it to 100 degrees Celsius. In practical terms, this means heating water to a rolling boil. While boiling will kill all… view entry > | edit entry >

Intermittently operated slow sand filtration, known as biosand filtration, treats water through a combination of physical retention of particles with a process that occurs in a biologically active… view entry > | edit entry >

Metal salts such as alum and iron sulfate combined with chlorine formulated as a powder can transform muddy contaminated source waters into clear, safe drinkable water. Two private manufactures of… view entry > | edit entry >

The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has been promoting the household application of chlorine to safe storage containers for several years. Chlorine is extremely inexpensive to… view entry > | edit entry >

Exposure to UV radiation from the sun can effectively inactivate microbial pathogens in drinking water that is free of suspended particles. Disinfection occurs via thermal treatment and UV disruption… view entry > | edit entry >

Porous ceramic "candle" filters are cylindrical filter media that fit into dual chamber gravity-driven delivery systems. They are typically coated with a bacteriostatic agent such as silver (which… view entry > | edit entry >

Locally-produced ceramic pot filters have been pioneered by a Nicaragua-based NGO called Potters for Peace, and have been commercially distributed by a number of NGOs in Latin America and Asia. In… view entry > | edit entry >